Dr. Desvousges has written extensively in the peer-reviewed literature on issues related to measuring natural resource damages. He has co-authored 4 books on natural resource economics and 70 peer reviewed articles. He has written on topics ranging from the use of contingent valuation surveys to the effect of fish consumption advisories on recreational fishing to the use of HEA in complicated CERCLA sites. Below is a list of selected publications, expert reports and testimony, reports and working papers, and presentations. For a complete listing, please refer to Dr. Desvousges’ resume in the About Section.

Selected Publications

  1. Desvousges, William, Kristy Mathews and Kenneth Train. 2020. “Commentary: Reply to Whitehead” Ecological Economics. 177: November.
  2. Desvousges, William, Nicholas Gard, Holly Michael, and Anne Chance. 2018. “Habitat and Resource Equivalency Analysis: A Critical Assessment.” Ecological Economics 143: 74 – 89.
  3. Desvousges, William, Kristy Mathews and Kenneth Train. 2016. “Reply to ‘On the adequacy of scope test results: Comments on Desvousges, Mathews, and Train.’” Ecological Economics. 130: 361 – 362.
  4. Desvousges, William, Kristy Mathews, and Kenneth Train. 2016. “From Curious to Pragmatically Curious: Comment on “From Hopeless to Curious? Thoughts on Hausman’s ‘Dubious to Hopeless’ Critique of Contingent Valuation.” Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy 38(1): 174 – 182.
  5. Desvousges, William, Kristy Mathews, and Kenneth Train. 2015. “An Adding-Up Test on Contingent Valuations of River and Lake Quality” Land Economics. 91(3): 556 – 571.
  6. Snyder, Joan P. and William H. Desvousges, Ph.D. 2013. “Habitat and Resource Equivalency Analyses in Resource Compensation and Restoration Decision Making.” Natural Resources & Environment Journal, American Bar Association Section of Environment, Energy and Resources 28(1): 3-7.
  7. Gard, Nicholas W. and William H. Desvousges. 2013. “Technical and economic issues an practices in ELD application.” In The EU Environmental Liability Directive: A Commentary, Lucas Bergkamp and Barbara J. Goldsmith, Eds. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  8. Desvousges, William, Kristy Mathews, and Kenneth Train. 2012. “Adequate Responsiveness to Scope in Contingent Valuation.” Ecological Economics 84: 121-128.
  9. Desvousges, William, Johnston, F. Reed, Richard W. Dunford, Kevin J. Boyle, Sarah P. Hudson, and K. Nicole Wilson. 2010. Measuring Nonuse Damages Using Contingent Valuation: An Experimental Evaluation of Accuracy (2nd. Ed). Research Triangle Park, NC: RTI International Press.
  10. MacNair, D.J. and W.H. Desvousges. 2007. “The Economics of Fish Consumption Advisories: Insights from Revealed and Stated Preference Data.” Land Economics 83(4): 600-616.

Testimony

  1. Provided expert witness deposition testimony in the Matter of Vintage Assets, Inc. et al. v. Tennessee Gas Pipeline Company, LLC. No. 16-cv-00713, United States District Court, Eastern District of Louisiana. June 14, 2017.
  2. Provided expert witness deposition testimony in the Matter of State of Alaska and City of North Pole v. Williams et al. In the Superior Court for the State of Alaska Fourth Judicial District at Fairbanks Case No. 4FA-14-01544 CI. March 7, 2017.
  3. Provided expert witness deposition testimony in the Matter of United States of America and the State of Wisconsin v. NCR Corporation, et al. In The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin Green Bay Division. Civil Action No. 10-C-910. October 26, 2016.
  4. Provided expert witness testimony in the Matter of the Further Investigation into Environmental and Socioeconomic Costs Under Minnesota Statues Section 216B.2422, Subdivision 3. State of Minnesota. Office of Administrative Hearings for the Public Utilities Commission. January 2016. Additional testimony provided to the Minnesota Public Utilities Commission. July 25 and 27, 2017.
  5. Provided expert witness testimony in the Matter of New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and Administrator, New Jersey Spill Compensation Fund v. Exxon Mobil Corporation. June 2014.
  6. Provided expert witness deposition testimony in the Matter of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and the Administrator of the New Jersey Spill Compensation Fund v. Atlantic Richfield Company, et al. May 7 and 8, 2013.
  7. Provided expert witness deposition telephonic deposition in the Matter of Betty Jean Cole, et al. v. Asarco Incorporated, et al. September 8, 2011.
  8. Provided expert witness testimony In the Matter of New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, et al. v. Union Carbide Corporation, et al. October 2010.
  9. Provided expert witness deposition testimony In the Matter of New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, et al. v. Union Carbide Corporation, et al. September 9, 2010.
  10. Provided expert witness deposition testimony in the Matter of The Quapaw Tribe of Oklahoma, et al. v. Blue Tee Corp, et al. The United States District Court For The Northern District Of Oklahoma. Case No. 03-CV-0846-CVE-PJC. June 29, 2010.
  11. Provided expert witness testimony in the Matter of DeLeo, et al. v. Bouchard Transportation Co., et al. March 30, 2010.
  12. Provided expert witness testimony in the Matter of New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, et al. v. Essex Chemical Corporation. Superior Court of New Jersey Law Division – Middlesex County Docket No: MID-L-5685-07. March 25, 2010.
  13. Provided expert witness telephonic deposition testimony in the Matter of Abrams, et al. v. Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corp, et al. The United States District Court Southern District Of Alabama. CASE NO. 08-68-WS-B. St. Augustine, FL. June 15, 2009.
  14. Provided expert witness deposition testimony in the Matter of STATE OF OKLAHOMA, ex. rel. W.A. DREW EDMONDSON, in his capacity as ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA and OKLAHOMA SECRETARY OF THE ENVIRONMENT, J.D. Strong, in his capacity as the TRUSTEE FOR NATURAL RESOURCSE FOR THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA, Plaintiffs v.         TYSON FOODS, INC., TYSON POULTRY, INC., TYSON CHICKEN, INC., COBB-VANTRESS, INC., AVIAGEN, INC.,CAL-MAINE FOODS, INC., CAL-MAINE , FARMS, INC., CARGILL, INC., CARGILL TURKEY PRODUCTION, LLC, GEORGE’S INC., GEORGE’S FARMS, INC., PETERSON FARMS, INC., SIMMONS FOODS INC., and WILLOW BROOK FOODS, INC.         Defendants. Case No. 05-CV-329-GKF-PJC. May 14, 2009.
  15. Provided expert witness deposition testimony in the Matter of Robert C. Brandriff, et al. v. Dataw Island Owners’ Association, Inc., et al. Civil Action No. 9:07-3361-CWH. April 2009.
  16. Provided expert witness deposition testimony in the Matter of USA v. Water Supply & Storage. November 28, 2007.
  17. Provided expert witness deposition testimony in the Matter of Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors v. ASARCO LLC (In re ASARCO LLC), Case No. 05-21207. Bunker Hill Superfund Facility/Coeur d’Alene Basin. Idaho/Washington. Settlement Hearing. October 9-12, 2007.
  18. Provided expert witness testimony in the Matter of Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors v. ASARCO LLC (In re ASARCO LLC), Case No. 05-21207. Bunker Hill Superfund Facility/Coeur d’Alene Basin. Idaho/Washington. Deposition. September 26, 2007.
  19. Provided expert witness testimony in the Matter of Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors v. ASARCO LLC (In re ASARCO LLC), Case No. 05-21207. California Gulch Superfund Site Settlement Hearing. July 27, 2007.
  20. Provided expert witness testimony in the Matter of Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors v. ASARCO LLC (In re ASARCO LLC), Case No. 05-21207. California Gulch Superfund Site Deposition. July 24, 2007.

Selected Reports and Working Papers

  1. Peer Review of Kahe Generating Station § 316(b) § 122.21(r) Information. March 7, 2017.
  2. Peer Review of Waiau Generating Station § 316(b) § 122.21(r) Information. November 15, 2016.
  3. The Aluminum Association, BP America, Inc., The Dow Chemical Company, Exxon Mobil Corporation, General Electric Company, and National Mining Association. 2008. “Comments on The United States Department of the Interior’s Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on Revisions of Its Type B Procedures for Natural Resource Damage Assessments” (73 Fed.Reg. 11081, February 29, 2008). May 29. (Appendix B: Comments on Proposed Changes to DOI Rule.)

Selected Presentations

  1. Desvousges, W.H. 2016. “CV Estimates of Passive Use Values: Do the Numbers Add Up?“ Law Seminars International’s
    Natural Resource Damages Conference. Washington, D.C. March 11 – 12.
  2. Desvousges, W.H. 2014. “Nonuse NRD Claim for Groundwater:
    A Case Study.“ The Eighth Annual Advanced Conference on Litigating Natural Resource Damages Santa Fe, New Mexico. July 24-25.
  3. Desvousges, W.H. 2013. “Nonuse and Tribal NRD Claims:
    One Economists’ Perspective.” The Seventh Annual Comprehensive Conference on Natural Resource Damages Evolving Strategic and Tactical Issues. Santa Fe, New Mexico. July 19.
  4. Desvousges, W.H. 2012. “Assessing Groundwater Damages:
    The Judge’s Ruling.” Panel Discussion. The Sixth Annual Advanced Conference on Litigating Natural Resource Damages. Santa Fe, New Mexico. July 12.
  5. Desvousges, W.H. 2010. “Estimation of Restoration and Compensable Value Damages.” Panel Discussion. Fourth Annual Natural Resource Damages Claims Conference. Santa Fe, New Mexico. July 16.
  6. Desvousges, W.H. 2009. “Groundwater Valuation and
    Restoration: One Economist’s Perspective.” Third Annual Advanced Conference on Natural Resource Damages Litigation. Santa Fe, New Mexico. July 9.
  7. Desvousges, W.H. 2008. “Natural Resource Damage Assessments:
    Economic Valuation of Natural Resource Damages.” National Advanced Conference on Natural Resource Damages Litigation. Santa Fe, New Mexico. July 18.
  8. Desvousges, W.H. 2007. “Natural Resource Damage Assessments:
    Key Economic Issues in Defending a Damages Claim.” National Advanced Conference on Natural Resource Damages Litigation. Santa Fe, New Mexico. July 16.
  9. Desvousges, W.H. 2007. “HEA and Conjoint Analysis
    Not Ready for Prime Time.” Presentation at the U.S. Department of the Interior 2007 NRDA Restoration Program National Workshop. Phoenix, Arizona. April 26.

Expert Reports

  1. Critique of Earth Economics Technical Report: Economic Valuation of Environmental Impacts Associated with Pipeline Canals Located on Vintage Assets, Inc. Property. In the Matter of Vintage Assets, Inc. et al. v. Tennessee Gas Pipeline Company, LLC. No. 16-cv-00713, United States District Court, Eastern District of Louisiana. April 20, 2017.
  2. Groundwater Assessment in the Matter of State of Alaska and City of North Pole v. Williams Alaska Petroleum, Inc. et al. December 14, 2016.
  3. Evaluation of the Adequacy of the Fox River NRD Settlements. September 2, 2016.
  4. Estimating Externality Values: The Damage Cost Approach. Prepared for: Xcel Energy. Prepared by: William H. Desvousges, H. Spencer Banzhaf, Holly J. Michael, Ralph E. Morris and Anne D. Chance. August 5, 2015.
  5. Critique of Mr. Daniel Selby’s Letter Report on Punitive Damages for the Dunkard Creek September 2009 Event. In the Matter of Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission vs. Consol Energy, Inc., Consolidation Coal Company, and Winsor Coal Company. Civil Action No. 8 11-C-556. April 6, 2015.
  6. Critique of the 2011 Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission Biological Damage Assessment for the Pennsylvania Portion of Dunkard Creek. In the Matter of Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission vs. Consol Energy, Inc., Consolidation Coal Company, and Winsor Coal Company. Civil Action No. 8 11-C-556. February 27, 2015.
  7. Expert Report of William H. Desvousges, Ph.D. In the Matter of New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, et al. v. Exxon ST Services Terminal, Paulsboro, NJ. May 2014.
  8. Non Site-Specific Expert Report of Dr. William H. Desvousges. In Re MTBE Products Liability Litigation, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, et al. v. Shell Oil Co., et al., 07-civ-10470. January 22, 2014.
  9. Declaration of William H. Desvousges, Ph.D. in the Matter of New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection vs. Exxon Mobil Corporation. Superior Court of New Jersey. November 2013.
  10. Expert Report of William H. Desvousges, Ph.D. in the Matter of Harris County v. International Paper Company, et al. (Harris County District Court Case No. 2011-76724); Dao Van Pho, et aI. v. International Paper Company, et aI. (Harris County District Court Case No. 2012-58016); Jim Harpster, et al. v. International Paper Company, et al. (Harris County District Court Case No. 2012-66308). August 15, 2013.
  11. Expert Report of William H. Desvousges in the Matter of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and the Administrator of the New Jersey Spill Compensation Fund v. Atlantic Richfield Company, et al. February 8, 2013.
  12. Affidavit of William H. Desvousges, Ph.D. in the Matter of Commissioner of the Department of Planning and Natural Resources, et al. v. Century Aluminum Company, et al. Civil No. 2005-0062.
  13. Reply Affidavit of William H. Desvousges, Ph.D. in the Matter of Thomas H. Ivory, Thomas P. Ivory, Shawn (Ivory) Stevens, Tami Lynn (Ivory) Azouri, Emmanuel Odom, Grace Odom, and James Odom v. International Business Machines Corporation. Supreme Court of the State of New York, Country of Broome. June 20, 2012.
  14. Expert Rebuttal Report in the Matter of Commissioner of the Department of Planning and Natural Resources, Alicia V. Barnes, et al. v. Virgin Islands Alumina Co., et al. May 30, 2012
  15. Affidavit of William H. Desvousges, Ph.D. in the Matter of Thomas H. Ivory, Thomas P. Ivory, Shawn (Ivory) Stevens, Tami Lynn (Ivory) Azouri, Emmanuel Odom, Grace Odom, and James Odom v. International Business Machines Corporation. Supreme Court of the State of New York, Country of Broome. May 1, 2012.
  16. Expert Report of William H. Desvousges, Ph.D. In the Matter of Betty Jean Cole, et al. v. Asarco Incorporated, et al. July 29, 2011.
  17. Critique of Dr. Barnthouse’s Report: Estimation of Natural Resource Losses Related to Oil Field Development in the Concession in the Case of Maria Aguinda y Otros v. Chevron Corporation. September 28, 2010.
  18. Expert Report of William H. Desvousges, Ph.D. In the Matter of New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, et al. v. Union Carbide Corporation, et al. August 13, 2010.
  19. Expert Report in the Matter of The Quapaw Tribe of Oklahoma, et al. v. Blue Tee Corp, et al. June 25, 2010.
  20. Expert Report in the Matter of New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, et al. v. Essex Chemical Corporation. Superior Court of New Jersey Law Division – Middlesex County Docket No: MID-L-5685-07. January 8, 2010.
  21. Expert report in the Matter of DeLeo, et al. v. Bouchard Transportation Co., et al. December 15, 2009.
  22. Expert report in the Matter of Abrams, et al. v. Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corp, et al. The United States District Court Southern District Of Alabama. CASE NO. 08-68-WS-B. May 15, 2009.
  23. Rebuttal expert report in the Matter of Robert C. Brandriff, et al. v. Dataw Island Owners’ Association, Inc., et al. Civil Action No. 9:07-3361-CWH. April 27, 2009.
  24. Expert report in the Matter of STATE OF OKLAHOMA, ex. rel. W.A. DREW EDMONDSON, in his capacity as ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA and OKLAHOMA SECRETARY OF THE ENVIRONMENT, J.D. Strong, in his capacity as the TRUSTEE FOR NATURAL RESOURCSE FOR THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA, Plaintiffs v.     TYSON FOODS, INC., TYSON POULTRY, INC., TYSON CHICKEN, INC., COBB-VANTRESS, INC., AVIAGEN, INC.,CAL-MAINE FOODS, INC., CAL-MAINE       , FARMS, INC., CARGILL, INC., CARGILL TURKEY PRODUCTION, LLC, GEORGE’S INC., GEORGE’S FARMS, INC., PETERSON FARMS, INC., SIMMONS FOODS INC., and WILLOW BROOK FOODS, INC.,         Defendants. Case No. 05-CV-329-GKF-PJC. March 31, 2009.
  25. Report prepared in Response to Request for Comments on Regulatory Review Alternatives: The Value of Cost-Benefit Analysis. Utility Water Act Group. March 31, 2009.
  26. Expert report in the Matter of Robert C. Brandriff, et al. v. Dataw Island Owners’ Association, Inc., et al. Civil Action No. 9:07-3361-CWH. December 1, 2008.
  27. Affidavit of William H. Desvousges, Ph.D. in the Matter of Jeff Alban, et al. v. ExxonMobil Corporation, et al. Submitted to the In Circuit Court for Baltimore County. Case No.:03-C-06-010932
  28. Affidavit of William H. Desvousges, Ph.D. in Support of Defendants’ Opposition to Motion for Class Certification in the Matter of Murray Gintis, Victoria Gintis and Claudia Martin on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated v. Bouchard Transportation Company, Inc., Tug Evening Tide Corporation and B. NO. 120 Corporation. Submitted to the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts. Civil Action No. 06-10747-JLT. July 29.
  29. Expert Report of William H. Desvousges, Ph.D. Submitted in Support of Defendants’ Opposition to Plaintiffs’ Motion for Partial Summary Judgment in the Matter of Murray Gintis, Victoria Gintis and Claudia Martin on behalf of themselves and all others similarly situated v. Bouchard Transportation Company, Inc., Tug Evening Tide Corporation and B. NO. 120 Corporation. July 10.
  30. Rebuttal Expert Report of William H. Desvousges, Ph.D. in the Matter of USA v. Water Supply & Storage. October 24, 2007.
  31. Expert Report of William H. Desvousges, Ph.D. in the Matter of USA v. Water Supply & Storage. September 27, 2007.
  32. Expert Reports in the Matter of Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors v. ASARCO LLC (In re ASARCO LLC), Case No. 05-21207.
    1. Estimate of Environmental Liabilities. California Gulch Superfund Site. Leadville, Colorado. Prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation, Chicago, Illinois and W.H. Desvousges & Associates, Inc. Raleigh, North Carolina. On behalf of ASARCO Incorporated. May 4, 2007.
    2. Estimate of Environmental Liabilities. Bunker Hill Superfund Facility/Coeur d’Alene Basin. Idaho/Washington. Prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation Chicago, Illinois and W.H. Desvousges & Associates, Inc. Raleigh, North Carolina. On behalf of ASARCO Incorporated. June 15, 2007.
    3. Estimate of Environmental Liabilities. Tacoma Smelter Site. Tacoma, Washington. Prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation Chicago, Illinois and W.H. Desvousges & Associates, Inc. Raleigh, North Carolina. On behalf of ASARCO Incorporated. June 15, 2007.
    4. Estimate of Environmental Liabilities. Everett Smelter Site. Everett, Washington. Prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation Chicago, Illinois and W.H. Desvousges & Associates, Inc. Raleigh, North Carolina. On behalf of ASARCO Incorporated. June 15, 2007.
    5. Rebuttal Expert Report. California Gulch Superfund Site. Leadville, Colorado. Prepared for Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy LLP. On behalf of ASARCO Incorporated. Prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation Chicago, Illinois and W.H. Desvousges & Associates, Inc. Raleigh, North Carolina. June 22, 2007.
    6. Estimate of Environmental Liabilities. Nueces Bay/Corpus Christi Bay. Corpus Christi, Nueces County, Texas. Prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation St. Peters, Missouri and W.H. Desvousges & Associates, Inc. Raleigh, North Carolina. On behalf of ASARCO Incorporated. July 27, 2007.
    7. Estimate of Environmental Liabilities. Big River Mine Tailings and Federal Mine Tailings Sites. St. Francois County, Missouri. Prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation St. Peters, Missouri and W.H. Desvousges & Associates, Inc. Raleigh, North Carolina. On behalf of ASARCO Incorporated. July 27, 2007.
    8. Estimate of Environmental Liabilities. Catherine Mine Site/Madison County Mines Site. Madison County, Missouri. Prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation St. Peters, Missouri and W.H. Desvousges & Associates, Inc. Raleigh, North Carolina. On behalf of ASARCO Incorporated. July 27, 2007.
    9. Estimate of Environmental Liabilities. Glover Lead Facility. Glover, Missouri. Prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation St. Peters, Missouri and W.H. Desvousges & Associates, Inc. Raleigh, North Carolina. On behalf of ASARCO Incorporated. July 27, 2007.
    10. Estimate of Environmental Liabilities. Sweetwater Mine Site. Reynolds County, Missouri. Prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation St. Peters, Missouri and W.H. Desvousges & Associates, Inc. Raleigh, North Carolina. On behalf of ASARCO Incorporated. July 27, 2007.
    11. Estimate of Environmental Liabilities. West Fork Mine Site. Reynolds County, Missouri. Prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation St. Peters, Missouri and W.H. Desvousges & Associates, Inc. Raleigh, North Carolina. On behalf of ASARCO Incorporated. July 27, 2007.
    12. Estimate of Environmental Liabilities. Tar Creek Site. Ottawa County, Oklahoma. Prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation St. Peters, Missouri and W.H. Desvousges & Associates, Inc. Raleigh, North Carolina. On behalf of ASARCO Incorporated. July 27, 2007.
    13. Estimate of Environmental Liabilities. Cherokee County Superfund Site. Cherokee County, Kansas. Prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation St. Peters, Missouri and W.H. Desvousges & Associates, Inc. Raleigh, North Carolina. On behalf of ASARCO Incorporated. July 27, 2007.
    14. Estimate of Environmental Liabilities. Newton County Mine Tailings Site. Newton County, Missouri. Prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation St. Peters, Missouri and W.H. Desvousges & Associates, Inc. Raleigh, North Carolina. On behalf of ASARCO Incorporated. July 27, 2007.
    15. Estimate of Environmental Liabilities. Jasper County Superfund Site. Jasper County, Missouri. Prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation St. Peters, Missouri and W.H. Desvousges & Associates, Inc. Raleigh, North Carolina. On behalf of ASARCO Incorporated. July 27, 2007.
    16. Rebuttal Expert Report. Bunker Hill Superfund Facility/Coeur d’Alene Basin. Idaho/Washington. Prepared for Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy LLP. On behalf of ASARCO Incorporated. Prepared by W.H. Desvousges & Associates, Inc. Raleigh, North Carolina. August 10, 2007.
    17. Rebuttal Expert Report. Tacoma Smelter Site. Tacoma, Washington. Prepared for Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy LLP. On behalf of ASARCO Incorporated. Prepared by ENVIRON International Corporation Chicago, Illinois and W.H. Desvousges & Associates, Inc. Raleigh, North Carolina. August 14, 2007.
    18. Rebuttal Expert Report. Nueces Bay/Corpus Christi Bay Corpus Christi, Nueces County, Texas. Prepared for Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy LLP. On behalf of ASARCO Incorporated. Prepared by W.H. Desvousges & Associates, Inc. Raleigh, North Carolina. September 17, 2007.
    19. Rebuttal Expert Report. Tri-State Sites. Prepared for Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy LLP. On behalf of ASARCO Incorporated. Prepared by W.H. Desvousges & Associates, Inc. Raleigh, North Carolina. September 17, 2007.
    20. Rebuttal Expert Report. East Helena Superfund Site, East Helena, Montana. Prepared for Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy LLP. On behalf of ASARCO Incorporated. Prepared by W.H. Desvousges & Associates, Inc. Raleigh, North Carolina. November 2, 2007.